النظام القانوني لمحكمة البداءة المختصة في الدعاوى التجارية

المؤلفون

  • م.د. محمد عامر شنجار * كلية القانون/ جامعة البيان * المؤلف

الكلمات المفتاحية:

المنازعات التجارية, المحاكم المختصة, المحاكم التجارية, الاختصاص الموضوعي.

الملخص

شهد النظام القضائي العراقي تطورات جوهرية في الآونة الأخيرة، ومن أبرز هذه التطورات إنشاء محاكم متخصصة للنظر في أنواع معينة من الدعاوى، ومنها محاكم البداءة المتخصصة بالدعاوى التجارية. يأتي إنشاء هذه المحاكم في إطار السعي لتسريع البت في المنازعات التجارية وتوفير بيئة قضائية متخصصة تساهم في تطوير المناخ الاستثماري في العراق, وسيتم دراسة هذا البحث وفقا قانون تنظيم القضاء العراقي الذي يعتبر هذا القانون الإطار العام للتنظيم القضائي في العراق، وينص على إمكانية إنشاء محاكم متخصصة للنظر في أنواع معينة من الدعاوى, وكذلك بيان مجلس القضاء الأعلى العراقي رقم 74 لسنة 2020 الذي يعتبر النص التنظيمي التفصيلي لعمل محاكم البداءة المختصصة بالدعاوى التجارية، ويحدد اختصاصاتها والإجراءات المتبعة أمامها. 

المراجع

First: Legal Books:

1. Ahmed Zaghloul, A Brief Introduction to the Principles and Rules of Civil Procedure, Book One, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 1991.

2. Ahmed Hindi, Civil and Commercial Procedure Law, Dar Al-Jami'a Al-Jadida, Alexandria, First Edition 1995.

3. Adam Wahib Al-Nadawi, The Philosophy of Litigation Procedures in Civil Procedure Law, College of Law, University of Baghdad, 1986.

4. Akram Fadel Saeed, The Help in Studying the Legal Basis of the Right to Resort to Mediation as an Alternative Solution to Commercial Disputes.

5. Bashar Muhammad Al-Asad, The International Effectiveness of Arbitration in International Investment Contract Disputes, Al-Halabi Legal Publications, Beirut, 1st ed., 2005.

6. Dara Muhammad Ibrahim, The Dispute in the Lawsuit, O.P.I.C. Printing and Publishing House, Erbil, 2009.

7. Saleh Abdul Zahra, Foreigners' Rights in Iraqi Law, 1st ed., Dar Al-Afaq Al-Jadida, Baghdad, 1981.

8. Talat Duwaidar, Economic Courts: Another Step Towards Judicial Specialization, Dar Al-Jami'a Al-Jadida, Alexandria, 2009.

9. Abbas Al-Aboudi, Explanation of the Provisions of the Civil Procedure Code, Dar Al-Sanhouri, Baghdad, 2015.

10. Othman Salman Al-Aboudi, A Brief Introduction to Civil Engineering Contracting Contracts, Baghdad, 1st ed., 2008.

11. Ali Fawzi, The Basis of Reference, Nour Al-Ain Library, Baghdad, 2009.

12. Ammar Saadoun Hamid Al-Mashhadani, Urgent Justice, A Comparative Study, 1st ed., Dar Al-Kotob Al-Qanuniyah, Egypt, 2012.

13. Muhammad Abd Al-Nabi Sayyid Ghanem, Civil and Commercial Procedure Law, Part Two, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2017.

14. Medhat Al-Mahmoud, Explanation of Civil Procedure Law No. 83 of 1969 and its Practical Applications, Dar Al-Rafidain, Beirut, Fourth Edition, 2019.

15. Mamdouh Abd Al-Karim, Private International Law, Dar Al-Hurriya for Printing, Baghdad, 1973.

16. Nabil Ismail Omar, The Ineffectiveness of Procedural Sanctions in the Code of Civil Procedure, Dar Al-Jami'a Al-Jadida, Alexandria, 2002.

Second: University Theses:

1. Ayad Jawad Muhammad, "Resolution of Commercial Disputes with a Foreign Element in Iraqi Legislation and Judiciary, A Comparative Study," Master's Thesis submitted to the College of Law, University of Baghdad, 2013.

2. Samar Adnan Mahmoud, "The Legal Organization of Commercial Courts in Iraq and Litigation Procedures Before Them," Master's Thesis, College of Law, University of Nahrain, 2019.

3. Abdulrahman bin Hamid Dahash, "The Judicial Jurisdiction of Saudi Commercial Courts and Litigation Procedures Before Them," Master's Thesis submitted to Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Department of Sharia and Law, 2014.

4. Mansour bin Dhawi Al-Asimi, "The Jurisdiction of Commercial Courts in the Judicial and Sharia Procedures Systems," Master's Thesis submitted to Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, 2015.

Third: Scientific Research:

1. Bassem Ghani Kazim and Yousef Awda Ghanem, "The Scope of the Subject-Matter Jurisdiction of Commercial Courts: A Comparative Study," Basra Studies Journal, Issue 44, Year 17, June 2022.

2. Haider Mahdi Nazzal, "The Subject-Matter Jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance Specializing in Commercial Claims," Journal of the College of Law, University of Nahrain, Volume 20, Issue 2, 2018.

3. Shawqi Nasser Alwan, "The Court of First Instance Specializing in Commercial Claims in Iraq: Emergence and Development," Journal of Law, Issue 47, 2024.

4. Shaima Saeed Mahrous Saeed Mahrous, "The Strategic Importance of Establishing Economic Courts and Their Role in Attracting Foreign Investment," Scientific Journal of Intellectual Property and Innovation Management, Helwan University, Volume 4, Issue 6, 2023.

5. Aqeel Majeed Kazim Al-Saadi and Bassem Shati Farhan Al-Tawil, "Judicial Bodies Resolving Banking Disputes: A Comparative Study," Journal of Rights Message, Issue 1, February 2023

6. Ali Fadala Musa, The Need for Legislating a Law for Commercial Courts in Iraq, Al-Nahrain Journal of Legal Sciences, Special Issue on the Second International Scientific Conference, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2023

7. Ali Fadala Musa, Litigation Methods Before Commercial Courts, Iraqi University Journal, Volume 68, Issue 1, July 2024

8. Imad Hashim Saadoun Al-Mawla and Alireza Entezari Najafabadi, The Jurisdiction of the Commercial Court in Iraqi Law and Comparative Law, University of Kufa Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, Volume 16, Issue 59, 2024

9. Maher Mohsen Abboud Al-Khaikani, The Effectiveness of the Iraqi Commercial Court in Settling Commercial Disputes: A Legal Study in Light of Statement No. 74 of 2020 Issued by the Supreme Judicial Council, Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hilli Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, Issue 3, Thirteenth Year, 2021

10. Muhammad Majeed Karim Al-Ibrahimi, Commercial Courts in Iraqi Law: A Comparative Study, Sumer University Journal of Humanities, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2023

Fourth: Laws:

1. Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 12 of 2004.

2. Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 35 of 2004.

3. Statement issued by the Supreme Judicial Council No. 154/Q/A dated 11/26/2014.

4. Statement issued by the Supreme Judicial Council No. 546/Q/A dated 3/28/2017.

5. Statement issued by the Supreme Judicial Council No. 36/Q/A dated 11/1/2010.

6. Statement issued by the Supreme Judicial Council No. (74) of 2020.

7. Instructions for the Implementation of Government Contracts No. (2) of 2014.

8. Investment Law No. 13 of 2006.

9. Residence Law No. (118) of 1978 (as amended)

10. Judicial Organization Law No. 160 of 1979.

11. Judicial Authority Law No. 26 of 1963.

12. Iraqi Civil Law No. 40 of 1951.

13. Civil Procedure Law No. 83 of 1969.

14. Egyptian Economic Courts Law No. 120 of 2008.

Fifth: Cassation Decisions:

1. Federal Court of Cassation Decision No. 3530/Appeal Board Real Estate/2024, issued on May 6, 2024. (Unpublished)

2. Federal Court of Cassation Decision No. (108/Expanded Civil Board/2021) dated February 15, 2021. (Unpublished)

3. Federal Court of Cassation Decision in Iraq No. (3096/H.S.M./2018) dated November 19, 2018. (Unpublished)

4. Federal Court of Cassation Decision in Iraq No. (2172/H.S.M./2018) dated February 25, 2018. (Unpublished)

5. Federal Court of Cassation Decision No. (4032/Appeal Board/2017) dated July 4, 2017 (Unpublished)

6. Federal Court of Cassation Decision No. 40/Extended Civil/2015, issued on November 1, 2015 (unpublished).

7. Federal Court of Cassation Decision No. 58/Extended Civil/2015, issued on February 3, 2015 (unpublished).

8. Court of Cassation Decision No. 698/Transferred Appeal/2014, dated February 23, 2014 (unpublished).

التنزيلات

منشور

2025-06-30

إصدار

القسم

البحوث القانونية