ملكية النفط وإبرام عقود إستثماره في التشريع العراقي ( دراسة مقارنة)

المؤلفون

  • فاروق خلف المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65263/acbyac15

الكلمات المفتاحية:

1-الملكية الفردية 2-ملكية الدولة للنفط 3-الدولة المنتجة للنفط 4-الشركة النفطية الأجنبية 5-عقود النفط

الملخص

يُعد النفط أحد الاسس التي يعتمد عليها سكان الكرة الأرضية في إستمرار حياة  البشرية ومستواهم المعاشي، إذ من خلالها يجري توفير معظم الحاجات والمتطلبات الأساسية للعيش التي تضمن توفير حياة كريمه للأفراد، كما تسهم في الحد من الفقر، وتساعد الدولة في الإرتقاء بالنمو الإقتصادي للمجتمع، الا أن ملكية النفط تختلف من نظام قانوني الى أخر، فبعض الدول تأخذ بنظام الملكية الفردية، وبعضها الأخر تأخذ بنظام ملكية الدولة للنفط، وبما أن النفط يُعد المصدر الرئيس للطاقة، ومن أهم الإكتشافات التي توصل اليها الأنسان في هذا العصر، فقد لزم المشرع الإدارة بإتباع إجراءات معينة يرسمها في قوانين الطاقة لإبرام العقد النفطي بغية إتمام العقد وإنتاج آثاره وتحقيق أفضل مردود للدولة من وراء إبرامه، إذ فرض عليها المشرع جملة من القيود والإجراءات تلتزم بإتباعها حفاظاً على المصلحة العامة والمال العام.

المراجع

First: Legal Books

1. Dr. Hamada Abdel Razzaq Hamada, The Legal System of Public Utility Concession Contracts, New University Publishing House, Alexandria, 2012.

2. Dr. Khalid Mansour Ismail, Problems of Arbitration in Oil Contract Disputes, 1st ed., Law and Economics Library, Riyadh, 2015.

3. Dr. Rabie Shenoub, Contractual Technique, Modern Book Institution, Beirut, 2014.

4. Dr. Sabah Abdul-Kadhim Shabib, The Legal System of Oil Development and Production Contracts in Iraq, 1st ed., Arab Scientific Publishers, Beirut, 2015.

5. Saman Khorshid Hussein, Procedural Aspects of Oil Contracts (A Comparative Study), 1st ed., Zain Legal Publications, Beirut, 2018.

6. Dr. Saad Allam, Encyclopedia of Petroleum Legislation in Arab Countries: The Arabian Gulf Region, 1st ed., Doha, Qatar, 1978.

7. Dr. Suleiman Al-Tamawi, General Principles of Administrative Contracts (A Comparative Study), 4th ed., Ain Shams Press, 1984.

8. Dr. Samir Dannoun, Oil Law and Petroleum Contracts, 1st ed., Modern Book Institution, Beirut, 2015.

9. Sarkol Mustafa Ahmed, The Legal Status of Ownership of Natural Resources (A Comparative Analytical Study), PhD Dissertation, College of Law and Politics, University of Sulaymaniyah, 2011.

10. Shams al-Din al-Ramli, Nihayat al-Muhtaj ila Sharh al-Minhaj, Dar al-Ta’aruf, Beirut, 1993.

11. Dr. Abdel Aziz Abdel Moneim Khalifa, General Principles of Administrative Contracts, 1st ed., National Center for Legal Studies, Cairo, 2008.

12. Dr. Othman Yassin Ali, Settlement of Disputes Arising During the Formation Stage of Administrative Contracts, Al-Halabi Legal Publications, Beirut, 2015.

13. Omar Al-Khouli, A Concise Guide to Administrative Contracts, 2nd ed., n.p., 2012.

14. Dr. Ghazi Faisal Mahdi, Problems in the Application of Constitutional Texts, n.p., n.d.

15. Dr. Majed Ragheb Al-Hilou, Administrative Contracts, New University Publishing House, Alexandria, 2014.

16. Dr. Mohammed Hussein Mansour, International Contracts, 1st ed., New University Publishing House, Alexandria, 2008.

17. Mohammed Ali Zaini, “The Iraqi Constitution and Iraq’s Oil and Gas Wealth,” in The Constitution Dilemma, 1st ed., Institute of Strategic Studies Publications, Al-Furat Publishing and Distribution, Baghdad/Beirut, 2006.

18. Dr. Mohammed Labib Shaqir & Dr. Sahib Thahab, Petroleum Agreements and Contracts in Arab Countries, Vol. 1, 2nd ed., International Press, Cairo, 1969.

19. Dr. Mohammed Youssef Alwan, The Legal System for Oil Exploitation in Arab Countries (A Study in International Economic Contracts), 1st ed., College of Law, University of Tikrit, 1982.

20. Dr. Mahmoud Khalaf Al-Jubouri, Administrative Contracts, Bayt al-Hikma, Baghdad, 1989.

21. Dr. Mundhir Al-Fadl, Problems of the Iraqi Constitution, 1st ed., Aras Publishing House, Erbil, 2010.

22. Dr. Najdat Sabri Aqrawi, Execution of Development Projects in Iraq by Foreign Companies, 1st ed., Dar Al-Qadisiyah Press, Baghdad, 1986.

23. Dr. Nouri Abdel Hamid Khalil, The Political History of Oil Concessions in Iraq, 1st ed., National Library, Baghdad, 1980.

24. Dr. Yahya Hammoud Hussein Al-Bu’ali, Oil Policy in Iraq: Lessons from the Past and Future Prospects, 1st ed., Iraq Center for Studies, Baghdad, 2015.

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Second: Theses and Dissertations

1. Riyadh Nasser Al-Shammari, The Federal System in Iraq (An Analytical Study), Master’s Thesis, Institute of Arab Research and Studies, Cairo, 2013.

2. Sana Mohammed Sudkhan Al-Baydhani, Distribution of Financial Powers Between the Federal Government, Regions, and Governorates (Iraq as a Model), PhD Dissertation, College of Law, University of Tikrit, 2012.

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Third: Research Papers

1. Amin Mohammed Al-Qatari, “Distribution of Financial Resources Between the Federal State and Its Constituent Units,” published online at www.slideserve.com.

2. Jawad Kazem Al-Bakri, “Foundations for the Distribution of Wealth in Federal Systems,” published online at www.uobabylon.edu.iq.

3. Dr. Sabah Abdul-Kadhim Shabib, “The Legality of Signing Service Contracts with Foreign Oil Companies for the Development of Oil and Gas Fields,” published by the Petroleum Contracts and Licensing Directorate, Ministry of Oil, Baghdad, 2009.

4. Faleh Abdul-Jabbar, “The Iraqi Constitution and Iraq’s Oil and Gas Wealth,” in The Constitution Dilemma, 1st ed., Institute of Strategic Studies Publications, Al-Furat Publishing, Baghdad/Beirut, 2006.

5. Dr. Fakhri Qadouri, “A Brief History of Foreign Oil Companies in Iraq,” published online at www.iraqieconomists.net.

6. Ghanem Al-Anaz, “Oil and Its Discovery in Iraq,” published online at www.almosul.com.

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Fourth: Iraqi Legislation

1. Law No. (4) of 17/2/1952, Law Ratifying the Oil Concession Agreement Concluded with Iraq Petroleum Company Ltd., Mosul Petroleum Company Ltd., and Basra Petroleum Company Ltd., published in the Iraqi Gazette, No. (3064), 18/2/1952.

2. Iraqi National Oil Company Establishment Law No. (11) of 1964 (repealed), Iraqi Gazette No. (912), 8/2/1964.

3. Iraqi National Oil Company Establishment Law No. (123) of 1967 (repealed), Iraqi Gazette No. (1474), 21/9/1967.

4. Law No. (97) of 1967 on the Allocation of Investment Areas to the Iraqi National Oil Company (repealed), Iraqi Gazette No. (1449), 7/8/1967.

5. Law No. (118) of 1972, Law Ratifying the Contract with Petrobras (Brazilian Petroleum Corporation), Iraqi Gazette No. (2198), 13/11/1972.

6. Law No. (135) of 1973, Law Ratifying the Contract with the Oil and Natural Gas Commission of India for Exploration Block No. (18), Iraqi Gazette No. (2296), 20/11/1973.

7. Revolutionary Command Council Resolution No. (864) of 1/6/1980.

8. Revolutionary Command Council Resolution No. (267) of 1987 (repealed), Iraqi Gazette No. (3149), 11/5/1987.

9. Companies Contracting Law No. (66) of 1987, Iraqi Gazette No. (3159), 20/7/1987.

10. Law No. (10) of 1997, Law Ratifying the Oil Contract with a Consortium of Russian Companies for the Development of the Qurna Field, Iraqi Gazette No. (3675), 22/6/1997.

11. Law No. (21) of 1997, Law Ratifying the Oil Contract with a Chinese Consortium Represented by the China National Petroleum Company (Al-Waha) for the Development of the Al-Ahdab Field, Iraqi Gazette No. (3683), 18/8/1997.

12. Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period (2004), Iraqi Official Gazette, 5/3/2004.

13. Constitution of the Republic of Iraq (2005), Iraqi Official Gazette No. (4012), 28/12/2005.

14. Kurdistan Region Oil and Gas Law No. (22) of 2007, Official Gazette of the Kurdistan Region, No. (75), 15/11/2007.

15. Iraqi National Oil Company Law No. (4) of 2018, Iraqi Gazette No. (4486), 9/4/2018.

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Fifth: Arab Legislation

1. Article (23) of the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates (1971).

2. Lebanese Offshore Petroleum Resources Law No. (132) of 2010.

3. Oil and Gas Law of the Sultanate of Oman (2011).

4. South Sudan Petroleum Law (2012).

التنزيلات

منشور

2026-03-29