المسؤولية الجنائية الناشئة عن استخدام الروبوتات ( الإنسالة)

- The Holy Quran

First/ Linguistic Dictionaries:

(1) Dr. Ahmed Mukhtar Omar, Contemporary Arabic Dictionary - Anas Chapter, First Edition, 2008.

(2) Prof. Dr. Muhammad Muhammad Al-Hadi, Explanatory Dictionary of Computer Terms (English-Arabic), no edition, Dar Al-Marikh Publishing House, 1988.

Second/ Books:

(1) Sifaat Amin Salama, Robot Technology (A Future Vision Through Arab Eyes), First Edition, Academic Library, 2006.

(2) Dr. Adel Abdel Nour, Introduction to the World of Artificial Intelligence, no edition, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia, 2005.

(3) Dr. Fadel Basem Muhammad Madbouly, The Legal System of Robots with Artificial Intelligence (A Comparative Analytical Study), First Edition, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Jami'i, 2023.

Third/ Research:

(1) Ben Othman Farida, Artificial Intelligence (Legal Approach), a research published in the Journal of Political and Legal Notebooks - University of Lounici Ali - Blida (Algeria), Volume 12, Issue 2, 2020.

(2) Ben Awda Haskar Murad, The Problem of Applying Criminal Liability Provisions to Artificial Intelligence Crimes, a research published in the Journal of Law and Political Science, Algeria, 2022.

(3) Dr. Hassan Muhammad Omar Al-Hamrawi, The Basis of Civil Liability for Robots between Traditional Rules and the Modern Trend, a research published in the Journal of the Faculty of Sharia and Law in Tefahna Al-Ashraf - Dakahlia, Second Edition "Part Four", Issue Twenty-Three, 2021.

(4) Dr. Rami Metwally Al-Qadi, Criminal Confrontation of Cryptocurrency and Artificial Intelligence Crimes (An Analytical Study in Egyptian and Comparative Legislation), a research published in the Journal of Sharia and Law - Egypt, Volume 36, Issue 89, 2022.

(5) Samia Laqrab, The legal personality of smart robots, a research published in the Journal of Law and Political Science - Amar Thalji University - Laghouat (Algeria), Volume 16, Issue 1, 2023.

(6) Dr. Saida Bouchareb; Dr. Hisham Kalou, The legal status of robots in light of the rules of civil liability, a research published in the Journal of Judicial Reasoning, Volume 14, Serial Issue 29, March 2022.

(7) Sayed Zarif Atta Sayed, The extent to which artificial intelligence technologies enjoy legal personality (a comparative study), a research published in the Journal of Legal Studies - Faculty of Law / Assiut University, Issue Sixty-One, Part One, September 2023.

(8) Abdullah Muhammad Al-Zamil, The legal personality of robots, a research published in the International Journal of Legal and Political Studies - Saudi Arabia, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2024.

(9) Dr. Imad El-Din Hamed El-Shafei, Criminal Liability for Artificial Intelligence Crimes, a research published in the Journal of Law for Legal and Economic Research, Faculty of Law - Alexandria University, Volume 19, Issue 3, 2019.

(10) Prof. Dr. Mohamed Mohamed Abdel Latif, Liability for Artificial Intelligence between Private Law and Public Law, a research published in the Journal of Legal and Economic Research - Mansoura University, a special issue of the twentieth annual international conference, 2021.

(11) Mahmoud Salama Abdel Moneim El-Sherif, Criminal Liability of Humans (A Comparative Original Study), a research published in the Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine - Naif Arab University for Security Sciences - Saudi Arabia, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2021.

(12) Heba Ramadan Ragab Yahya, The Legal Personality of the Super-Intelligent Robot, a research published in the Journal of the Spirit of Law - Faculty of Law / Tanta University, a special issue - the Eighth International Scientific Conference - Technology and Law, 2023.

(13) Dr. Wafaa Muhammad Abu Al-Maati, Criminal Liability for Artificial Intelligence Crimes (An Analytical Prospective Study), a research published in the Journal of the Spirit of Laws - Egypt, Issue 96, October 2021.

(14) Dr. Wafaa Yaqoub Janahi, The Legal Status of Smart Robots and the Liability of Their Operator - An Analytical Study in Bahraini and Comparative Law, a research published in the Journal of Law - Kuwait University, Issue 3, 2024.

Fourth / University messages and theses:

(1) Tifernt Sami; Abdel Aziz Salma, Criminal Liability for Artificial Intelligence Crimes, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Law and Political Science - University of Batna 1, Haj Lakhdar, 2023/2024.

(2) Rashid Al-Khalifi, Legal Personality of the Robot, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Law and Political Science - Department of Law or Political Science / University of Batna 1, Haj Lakhdar, 2023/2024.

(3) Rachida Khalifi; Manal Ashi, Legal Personality of the Robot, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Law and Political Science / Department of Law - University of Batna, Haj Lakhdar, 2023/2024.

(4) Muhammad Auni Al-Fatt Al-Zanka, Criminal Liability for the Use of Robots (Comparative Study), Master's Thesis, Faculty of Law - University of Nahrain, 2023.

(5) Dr. Salam Fawzat Al Qassim, The Legal System of Self-Driving Ships (An Analytical Study in Emirati Law), PhD Thesis, College of Law - United Arab Emirates University, 2020.

(6) Moatasem Hani Hamdan Al-Halayqa, Legal Conditioning of the Actions of Intelligent Robots (Comparative Study), Master's Thesis, College of Law - Middle East University, 2024.

Fifth / Legislation:

First / International Agreements and Decisions:

(1) Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, concluded on November 23, 2001.

(2) European Parliament Resolution on Civil Law Rules Related to Robots on February 16, 2017.

Second / Laws:

(1) Egyptian Penal Code No. 58 of 1937, as amended.

(2) Iraqi Civil Code No. 40 of 1951, as amended.

(3) Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969, as amended.

(4) Egyptian Commercial Code No. 17 of 1999, as amended.

Sixth / Websites:

- Wikipedia, Sophia (robot), an article published on the Internet, available on the following website:

https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA)

Last visit date 12/21/2024.

Seventh / Foreign references:

(1) Eric CANAL FORGUES ALTER, INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIAL Défis et perspectives, Lefebvre Sarrut Belgique SA, 2021.

(2) JOHN C. RIGDON, Dictionnaire des terms informatiques et Internet, First Edition, Eastern Digital Resources.

(3) Ming Xie, SearchView all excerptsFUNDAMENTALS OF ROBOTICSLINKING PERCEPTION TO ACTION, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

(4) Serge Gutwirth, Ronald Leenes, Data Protection on the Move, Springer Netherlands, 2016.

Eighth: French laws:

(1) Code pénal français1992 n°92-683 du 22 juillet.

civil français du 31 mars 1804, modifié le Ler octobre2018. (2) Codé

Ninth: Foreign websites:

- MASTER 1 IP/IT AND SPACE ACTIVITIES FACILITIES Jean Monnet – University of Paris-Saclay, Faut-il-une personnalité privée au robot, Exemple publié en ligne, available sur le site surivant:-

http://master-ip-it-leblog.fr/faut-il-une-personnalite-juridique-propre-au-robot/ Date of visit 12/28/2024.