النظام القانوني لاتفاق التحكيم الإلكتروني
الكلمات المفتاحية:
التحكيم الالكتروني, اتفاق التحكيم, شرط التحكيم, التنفيذ الاختياري.الملخص
يمثل اتفاق التحكيم الإلكتروني تطوراً هاماً في مجال تسوية المنازعات، حيث يتيح للأطراف اللجوء إلى التحكيم عبر الإنترنت، مستفيدين من مزايا السرعة والكفاءة والتكلفة المنخفضة, ويشبه اتفاق التحكيم الإلكتروني نظيره التقليدي في كونه اتفاقاً ملزماً بين الأطراف، ولكنه يتميز بكونه يتم عبر الوسائل الإلكترونية، مما يستلزم مراعاة بعض الخصائص الفريدة, إذ يجب أن يكون اتفاق التحكيم الإلكتروني مكتوباً، وقد يتم ذلك عبر تبادل الرسائل الإلكترونية أو تضمينه في العقود الإلكترونية, يحدد الاتفاق نطاق النزاعات التي سيتم التحكيم فيها، ويحدد القواعد والإجراءات التي سيتبعها المحكمون، وقد يتضمن الاتفاق أيضاً تعيين القواعد القانونية المراد تطبيقها على المنازعة التجارية, كما يتيح التحكيم الإلكتروني للأطراف إجراء جلسات الاستماع وتقديم الأدلة وتبادل المذكرات عبر الإنترنت، مما يسهل عملية التحكيم ويجعلها أكثر مرونة, ويهدف اتفاق التحكيم الإلكتروني إلى توفير وسيلة فعالة لتسوية المنازعات في العصر الرقمي، مع مراعاة التحديات القانونية والتقنية التي قد تنشأ عن اتباع الأنظمة الإلكترونية في العملية التحكيمة.
المراجع
First: Legal Books:
1. Ahmed Abdel Tawab, The Positive and Negative Impact of the Arbitration Agreement, A Study in Light of Jurisprudence and the Judiciary in the Egyptian Arbitration Law and the New French Law No. 2011-48, dated January 13, 2011, Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya, Cairo, 2013.
2. Ahmed Abdel Karim Salama, Arbitration in Domestic and International Financial Transactions, Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya, Cairo, 2006.
3. Adam Wahib Al Nadawi, Civil Procedures, Higher Education Press, Baghdad, 1988.
4. Ashraf Abdel Aleem Al Rifai, The Arbitration Agreement and Scientific and Legal Problems in International Private Relations, Dar Al Fikr Al Jami'i, Alexandria, 2006.
5. Enas Al Khalidi, Electronic Arbitration, Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya, Cairo, 2009.
6. Hossam Osama, The International Jurisdiction of Courts and Arbitration Panels in International Trade Disputes, Dar Al Jami'a Al Jadida, Alexandria, 2009.
7. Hossam El-Din Fathy Nasef, Electronic Arbitration in International Trade Disputes: A Study in Light of International Agreements, Regulations of International Arbitration Bodies, and Comparative Law, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2000.
8. Khairy Al-Batanoni, Dispute Resolution by Electronic Arbitration via Electronic Communication Means, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, Second Edition, 2012.
9. Atef Mohamed El-Faqi, Electronic Arbitration: Between Reality and Desired Achievement, Al-Maaref Press, 2020.
10. Essam Abdel Fattah Matar, Electronic Arbitration, Dar Al-Jamia Al-Jadida, Alexandria, 2009. Muhammad Amin Al-Rumi, The Legal System of Electronic Arbitration, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Alexandria, First Edition, 2004.
11. Muhammad Hussein Mansour, Electronic Liability, Maaref Foundation, Alexandria, 2006.
Second: Scientific Research:
1. Ahmed Issa Al-Sari Al-Muhairi, Sayed Ahmed Mahmoud Ahmed, The Electronic Arbitration Ruling and Its Effects under the Legal System of Arbitration in the United Arab Emirates, An Authentic Study, Volume 14, Issue 87, 2024.
2. Akram Al-Dajour, The Electronic Arbitration Ruling and Its Implementation, Journal of Law and Business, Hassan I University, College of Legal and Economic Sciences, January 2018.
3. Saleem Abdullah Al-Jubouri, Electronic Commercial Arbitration, Journal of the College of Law, Al-Nahrain University, Volume 23, Issue 2, p. 216.
4. Shaima Shams El-Din Hussein Abdel Ghaffar, Electronic Arbitration as a Mechanism for Resolving Commercial Contract Disputes, Scientific Journal of Administrative, Accounting, Economic, and Legal Research, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2023.
5. Ali Fadala Musa Al-Tamimi, Electronic Arbitration in Light of the Provisions of Iraqi Law and Recent Legislative Amendments, Journal of the College of Law, Al-Nahrain University, Volume 23, Issue 2, 2021.
6. Imad Al-Din Al-Muhammad, The Nature and Patterns of Arbitration with a Focus on Online Arbitration, 16th Annual Conference on International Commercial Arbitration - The Most Important Alternative Solutions for Resolving Commercial Disputes, organized by the United Arab Emirates University, College of Law, Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi, April 28-30, 2009.
7. Maher Al-Jaber, Abdullah Ahmed Zayed, and Ahmed Suleiman Zayed, "The Effectiveness of Electronic Arbitration as an Alternative Means of Resolving E-Commerce Disputes," Journal of the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Tafnaha Al-Ashraf, Issue 29, Part 3, December 2024.
8. Masoud Younis Atwan Atta, "Electronic Commercial Arbitration: A Contemporary Sharia Necessity: A Comparative Study of Legal and Sharia Rules," a paper published at the 23rd Annual International Conference "Legal and Economic Dimensions of the Litigation System in the Twenty-First Century," April 21-22, 2024, Journal of Legal and Economic Research (Mansoura), Volume 14, Special Issue, 2024.
9. Nabil Zaid Al-Muqabalah, "Electronic Arbitration," Journal of Jurisprudence and Law, Issue 24, October 2014.
10. Youssef Hamed Al-Yaqout and Sheikha Trad Al-Trad, "The Implementation of Electronic Arbitration Awards According to the Kuwaiti Code of Civil Procedure: Between Reality and Hope: A Comparative Critical Analytical Study," Journal of Legal and Economic Sciences, Issue 1, Sixty-Seventh Year, January 2025.
Third: University Theses:
1. Muhammad Saeed Ahmed Ismail, PhD Thesis, Legal Protection Methods for E-Commerce, Ain Shams University, 2005.
Fourth: Laws:
1. Iraqi Civil Procedure Code No. 83 of 1969, as amended.
2. Egyptian Arbitration Law No. 27 of 1994.
3. Iraqi Electronic Signature and Electronic Transactions Law No. 78 of 2012.
4. From the UNCITRAL Amendment to International Commercial Arbitration Act of 2006.
5. New York Convention of 1958.
Fifth: Websites:
1. Cybertribunal website: http://www.cybertribunal.org
2. European Union website: http://www.europa.eu.int/com
3. See the WIPO Arbitration Center website: http://www.arbiter.wipo.int
Sixth: Foreign References:
1. Thomas Clay, "Arbitrage et modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges", Recueil Dalloz, 2019.
2. En ce sens: Bouchra Bouiri, L'Arbitrage Électronique: « la mise en place d'un environnement favorable », Thèse de droit, université hassan II de Casablanca et Université côte d'Azur, 2016.
