التنمية المستدامة بين التحديات والفرص راوندا المملكة العربية السعودية الاتحاد الأوربي العراق أنموذجاً
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64184/bujlsr.V4.I1.Y2025.P%25p.127الكلمات المفتاحية:
التنمية المستدامة، الاتحاد الأوربي، السعودية، العراقالملخص
التنمية المستدامة بين التحديات والفرص
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل مفهوم التنمية المستدامة من حيث التحديات والفرص، وذلك من خلال دراسة مقارنة لأربع مناطق جغرافية مختلفة: رواندا، المملكة العربية السعودية، الاتحاد الأوروبي، والعراق. تسلط الدراسة الضوء على السياسات والاستراتيجيات المتبعة في كل من هذه الدول والتكتلات، مع التركيز على العوامل الاقتصادية، البيئية، والاجتماعية التي تؤثر على تحقيق التنمية المستدامة.
المراجع
1 Ahmed Majeed Jassim, Nawaf Abdul Qader Jawad, "Paul Kagame's Role in Building the Rwandan State 2000-2018," Tikrit Journal of Political Science, Iraq, Issue 21, 2020.
2 Enas Mohammed Rashid, "Analysis of the Impact of the Trade Balance on Rwanda's Gross Domestic Product and Its Impact on Development for the Period 1980-2020," Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, College of Administration and Economics, Tikrit University, Iraq, Issue 60, December 2022.
3 Roaa Nasir Kadhim, "Sustainable Development in Iraq within the 2030 Agenda: Goals and Objectives," Kut University College Journal, Kut, Iraq, 2022.
4 Vision 2030, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Council of Economic and Development Affairs, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2016.
5 Salma Al-Dhaheri, "The Goals of Vision 2030: A Compass for Saudi Policy and its Foreign Economic Relations," Opinions on the Gulf, Gulf Research Center Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Issue 180, December 2022.
6 Abdulaziz bin Othman bin Saqr, Saudi Arabia: From Regionalism to Globalism and Development for All, Opinions on the Gulf Journal, Gulf Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Issue 180, December 2022.
7 Ali Ibrahim Ali, Foreign Investments and Their Impact on Reconciliation in Rwanda's State-Building, Journal of African Studies, Faculty of African Graduate Studies, Cairo University, Egypt, Issue 7, 2022.
8 Muthanna Faeq Marai Walid Gerges, Political Challenges to the European Union's Global Position, Tikrit Journal of Political Science, Tikrit University, Iraq, Issue 23, March 2021.
9 Mukhallad Obaid Al-Mobaideen, The European Union as a Distinctive Regional Phenomenon, Academics for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, 1st ed., 2012, p. 25.
English Refrences
1 Charlotte Bretherton & John Vogler ، The European Union as a Sustainable Development Actor: the Case of External Fisheries Policy، Journal of European Integration ، College Europe ،Belgium ، issue 3 ، 16 jul2008 ، P404 .
2 Kenig-Witkowska، Maria ، Op.Cit. P 75 -P 76 .
3 Kenig-Witkowska، Maria ، The Concept of Sustainable Development in the European Union Policy and Law ، Journal of Comparative Urban Law and Policy ، college law ، Georgia state University ، United States of America ، Issue 1 ، 2017 ، P71 .
4 Lafortune، G and ، Sustainable Development Report 2022 others Achieving the SDGs: Europe’s Compass in a Multipolar World. Europe، SDSN and SDSN Europe، France ، 2022 ، P7.
5 Rwanda ، sustainable Development Goals Knowledge platform ، 2022 December ، https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/rwanda.
6 Sustainable Development ، European Commission Website ، on https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/sustainable-development-goals_en .
7 Sustainable development in The European Union Monitoring Report on Progress towards The SDGs in an EU context ، Publications Office of the European Union ، Luxembourg ، 6th edition ،2022 ، p 22 .
8 Sustainable development in The European Union Monitoring Report on Progress towards The SDGs in an EU، Op.Cit ، P 23 -P24 .
9 Tomislav Klarin, The Concept of Sustainable Development: From its Beginning to the Contemporary Issues, Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 67-94, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb and De Gruyter Open, 2018
10 Vison 2050 ، Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning ، Republic of Rwanda، 2020 .
