Sustainable Development: Challenges and OpportunitiesRwanda, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the European Union, and Iraq as Models

Authors

  • Zahraa Mohsen Hajool University of Iraq* Author
  • Muatasem Karim Abdul Nabi* Al-Bayan University / College of Law and Political Science* Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64184/bujlsr.V4.I1.Y2025.P%25p.127

Keywords:

Sustainable development, European Union, Saudi Arabia, Iraq

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concept of sustainable development in terms of challenges and opportunities, through a comparative study of four different geographical regions: Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, the European Union, and Iraq. The study sheds light on the policies and strategies followed in each of these countries and blocs, with a focus on the economic, environmental, and social factors that affect the achievement of sustainable development.

References

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3 Roaa Nasir Kadhim, "Sustainable Development in Iraq within the 2030 Agenda: Goals and Objectives," Kut University College Journal, Kut, Iraq, 2022.

4 Vision 2030, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Council of Economic and Development Affairs, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2016.

5 Salma Al-Dhaheri, "The Goals of Vision 2030: A Compass for Saudi Policy and its Foreign Economic Relations," Opinions on the Gulf, Gulf Research Center Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Issue 180, December 2022.

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English Refrences

1 Charlotte Bretherton & John Vogler ، The European Union as a Sustainable Development Actor: the Case of External Fisheries Policy، Journal of European Integration ، College Europe ،Belgium ، issue 3 ، 16 jul2008 ، P404 .

2 Kenig-Witkowska، Maria ، Op.Cit. P 75 -P 76 .

3 Kenig-Witkowska، Maria ، The Concept of Sustainable Development in the European Union Policy and Law ، Journal of Comparative Urban Law and Policy ، college law ، Georgia state University ، United States of America ، Issue 1 ، 2017 ، P71 .

4 Lafortune، G and ، Sustainable Development Report 2022 others Achieving the SDGs: Europe’s Compass in a Multipolar World. Europe، SDSN and SDSN Europe، France ، 2022 ، P7.

5 Rwanda ، sustainable Development Goals Knowledge platform ، 2022 December ، https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/rwanda.

6 Sustainable Development ، European Commission Website ، on https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/sustainable-development-goals_en .

7 Sustainable development in The European Union Monitoring Report on Progress towards The SDGs in an EU context ، Publications Office of the European Union ، Luxembourg ، 6th edition ،2022 ، p 22 .

8 Sustainable development in The European Union Monitoring Report on Progress towards The SDGs in an EU، Op.Cit ، P 23 -P24 .

9 Tomislav Klarin, The Concept of Sustainable Development: From its Beginning to the Contemporary Issues, Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 67-94, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb and De Gruyter Open, 2018

10 Vison 2050 ، Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning ، Republic of Rwanda، 2020 .

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Published

2025-09-07