التجميد الزمني لقانون الإرادة في مواجهة التعديلات التشريعية

سارة سعدون عزيز البيضاني

doi:10.65263/qzsfb452

المؤلفون

سارة سعدون عزيز البيضاني كلية الامال الجامعة المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65263/qzsfb452

الكلمات المفتاحية:

العقود الدولية، التحديد الزمني، التجارة الدولية، سلطان الإرادة، القانون الدولي الخاص.

الملخص

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة مبدأ التجميد الزمني في عقود التجارة الدولية، بوصفه إحدى الضمانات الجوهرية لتحقيق استقرار المعاملات التجارية وتعزيز الثقة بين الأطراف المتعاقدة، إذ تبرز المشكلة الأساسية في حدود سلطان الإرادة في هذه العقود ومدى خضوعها لقواعد القانون الدولي الخاص، مع ما يترتب على ذلك من إشكاليات قانونية وفنية تؤثر في تنفيذ الالتزامات التعاقدية، وقد اعتمد البحث المنهج التحليلي من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية والآراء الفقهية ذات الصلة، وانتهى البحث إلى أن التجميد الزمني يشكل عاملاً محورياً في تنظيم عقود التجارة الدولية وضمان مرونتها واستمراريتها، مما يعزز مكانة مبدأ سلطان الإرادة مع تقييده بما يحقق التوازن بين مصالح المتعاقدين.

المراجع

First: Legal Books

• Ahmed Abdel Karim Salama, International Contract Law, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2008, p. 304.

• Bashar Muhammad Al-Asaad, Investment Contracts in Private International Relations, Al-Halabi Legal Publications, First Edition, 2006, p. 162.

• Hafiza Al-Sayed Al-Haddad, Contracts Concluded Between States and Foreign Persons, University Press, First Edition, 2007, p. 329.

• Samia Rashid, The Role of Arbitration in the Internationalization of Contracts, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1990, p. 19.

• Lama Ahmed Koujan, Arbitration in Investment Contracts Between the State and the Foreign Investor, Zain Legal Publications, 2008, p. 95.

• Second: University Theses

• Saleh Mahdi Kahit, The Requirement of Legislative Stability in Foreign Investment Contracts, Master's Thesis submitted to the College of Law – University of Karbala, 2011, p. 47. • Marwa Muwaffaq Mahdi, Legal Guarantees and Incentives Stipulated by Arab Investment Laws for Foreign Investments, Master's Thesis submitted to the College of Law, Al-Nahrain University, 2007, p. 143.

• Yasmina Mushrif, The Requirement of Legislative Stability in International Investment Contracts, Master's Thesis submitted to Kasdi Merbah University, 2015, p. 15.

• Jumaa Bin Al-Zoukh, The Requirement of Legislative Stability in International Investment Contracts, Master's Thesis submitted to the College of Law and Political Science, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, 2014.

• Abbas Hassan Batti, International Access to Acquired Rights, Master's Thesis, College of Law, University of Babylon, 2013.

• Asa Marouz and Houbaia Khadija, The Principle of Legislative Stability and its Role in Encouraging Investment, Master's Thesis submitted to the Council of Kasdi Merbah University of Ouargla, Faculty of Law and Political Science, 2022.

Third: Research and Journals

• Ahmed Abdel Karim Salama, “Conditions of Legislative Stability in Investment and International Trade Contracts,” Egyptian Journal of International Law, Volume (43), 1987, p. 125.

• Belak Mohamed, “The Temporal Freezing of Contract Law in Foreign Investment Contracts,” Journal of Research in Law and Political Science, Ibn Khaldoun University, Volume (3), Issue (2), p. 4.

• Rania Jaafar, “The Role of the Legislative Stability Clause in Achieving Legal Security for the Parties to the Investment Contract,” Journal of Law and Business, Al-Hussein I University – Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Volume (1), Issue (42), 2019, p. 82. • Ghassan Obaid Mohammed Al-Maamouri, “The Condition of Legislative Stability and its Role in Arbitration in Petroleum Contracts,” *Risalat Al-Huquq* Journal, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2009, p. 173.

• Wael Al-Dabisi and Iyad Kadhim Abdul-Zahra, “Oil Service Contracts: Between Reality and Aspiration,” a research paper published in *Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences*, Volume 16, Issue 1, 2025, p. 220.

• Balaq Mohammed, “The Temporal Freezing of Contract Law in Foreign Investment Contracts,” a research paper published in *Journal of Research in Law and Political Science*, Ibn Khaldoun University, Volume 3, Issue 2.

• Mohammed Omar Al-Hujaili, “The Condition of Legislative Stability in Foreign Investment Contracts,” a research paper published in *Journal of Legal and Social Sciences*, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2023.

• Nariman Jamil Ni’ma, “The Impact of Legislative Stability on Contract Theory in Iraqi Civil Law,” a research paper published in *Al-Kufa* Journal, Issue 57. • Ghassan Obeid Mohammed Al-Maamouri, "The Legislative Stability Clause and Its Role in Arbitration in Petroleum Contracts," a research paper published in the Journal of Legal Studies, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2009.

• Nassira Khawas, "The Legislative Stability Clause: An Exceptional Guarantee for the Stability of Foreign Investments in Algeria," a research paper published in the Department of Legal and Political Research and Studies, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2024, p. 191.

• Jamal Bin Ibrahim, "The Legislative Stability Clause in Technology Transfer Contracts," a research paper published in the Journal of Legal Studies, Volume 9, Issue 1, 2022.

• Marwa Zain Al-Abidin Saad, "The Principle of Legal Certainty and Its Impact on Investment: Between the Stability of the Legislative Environment, the Problems of Enforcing Arbitration Rulings, and the Requirements of National Sovereignty," a research paper published in the Journal of Legal and Economic Research, Volume 37, Issue 2, 2025.