اثر الانظمة الانتخابية على فاعلية السلطة التشريعية
الكلمات المفتاحية:
الانظمة الانتخابية , التمثيل السياسي, السلطة التشريعية , التمثيل النسبيالملخص
تعد الانظمة الانتخابية من العوامل المؤثرة في اداء السلطة التشريعية في اي نظام سياسي . يهدف البحث الى استكشاف العلاقة بين الانظمة الانتخابية وفاعلية الاداء التشريعي من خلال تحليل تاثير تصاميم الانظمة الانتخابية , مثل النظم النسبي ونظام الاغلبية . سيتناول البحث انواع الانظمة الانتخابية وبيان دورها في تعزيز المسالة والشفافية بواسطة تاثيرها على سلطة البرلمان في سن التشريعات ورقابة الحكومة . سيتضمن البحث توصيات لاصلاح الانظمة الانتخابية بمايعزز من اداء السلطة التشريعية .
المراجع
First: Books
1- Dr. Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Sheha, Principles of Political Systems, Dar Al-Jamiah for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 1982
2- Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Sheha: Constitutional Law and Political Systems, Dar Al-Jamiah, Cairo, 1996
3- Ismail Marza: Constitutional Law - A Comparative Study of the Libyan Constitution and the Constitutions of Other Arab Countries, Publications of the Libyan University, Tripoli, 1969
4- Dr. Ibrahim Abdullah Ibrahim, Political Opposition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2009
5- Dr. Hassan Muhammad Shafiq Al-Ani: Comparative Political and Constitutional Systems, Al-Atik for Book Industry, Cairo, 2007
6- Dr. Hamid Hanoun Khalid, Principles of Constitutional Law and the Development of the Constitutional System in Iraq, Dar Al-Sanhouri, Baghdad, 2013
7- Dr. Jawad Al-Hindawi: Constitutional Law and Political Systems, 1st ed., Al-Aref Publications, Beirut-Lebanon, 2010
8- Tharwat Badawi: Political Systems, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1975
9- Sarbast Mustafa Rashid, Political Opposition and Constitutional Guarantees for Its Work, Mokriani Foundation for Research and Publishing, Khani Press, Dohuk, 2011
10- Dr. Shamran Hammadi: Political Systems, Printing and Publishing Company, Baghdad
11- Dr. Sabah Mustafa Al-Masry, The Party System (Essence - Effective Components) An Authentic Comparative Study, Modern University Office, Alexandria, 2007
12- Khairy Abdul Razzaq Jassim: The Governing System in Iraq after 2003 and the Influential Forces in It, 1st ed., Bayt Al-Hikma, Baghdad
13- Dr. Abdul Karim Alwan: Political Systems and Constitutional Law, 1st ed., Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, 2010
14- Dr. Issam Suleiman, Parliamentary Systems between Theory and Practice, Al-Halabi Legal Publications, Beirut, 2010
15- Dr. Issam Al-Debs, Political Systems, Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2010
16- Dr. Fouad Al-Attar, Political Systems and Constitutional Law, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 1966
Second: Research
1- Dr. Sivan Bakrad Mesrob, The Effectiveness of Parliamentary Opposition and Its Impact on the Performance of the Legislative Authority, Research Published in Tikrit University Journal of Law, Issue 2, Part 1, 2019
2- Dr. Ali Abdul Razzaq, Elections are the most important means of expression for the governed, Journal of Law, Al-Mustansiriya University, Issue 1, Year 1, 2006
Third: Theses and Dissertations
1- Ban Ali Kazim, Parliamentary Opposition in the Iraqi Political System after 2003, Reality and Future, Master's Thesis, College of Political Science, University of Baghdad, 2013
2- Hassan Naji Saeed: The Problem of the Relationship between the Legislative Authority and the Executive Authority in the Iraqi Political System, Unpublished Master's Thesis, College of Political Science, University of Baghdad, 2010
3- Samer Hussein Fadhel, The Impact of the Electoral System on Political Participation, Master's Thesis, University of Babylon, College of Law, 2020
Fourth: Constitutions
1- The German Constitution of 1979
2- The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq of 2005
Fifth: Websites
1- Dr. Muhammad Hussein: Parliamentary oversight tools in political systems, on the website www.eaddla.or
2- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, the legislative authority on the website http://arwikipedia.org
3- Election Management and Cost Project (ACE) on the website www.pogar.org
