" اثار الضبط الإداري من انتشار الفيروسات المعدية " كورونا نموذجاً "

رائد خليل إبراهيم

doi:10.65263/aujlsr.V4.I3.Y2025.P33-64.125

المؤلفون

رائد خليل إبراهيم *جامعة تكريت كلية العلوم المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65263/aujlsr.V4.I3.Y2025.P33-64.125

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الضبط الإداري- الفيروسات- جائحة- كورنا – صحة

الملخص

تعتبر وظيفة الضبط الاداري من المهام الاساسية للدولة ,حيث تساهم بالحفاظ على الامن العام والنظام المجتمعي وتزداد اهميتها خاصة في ظل التحديات الصحية مثل انتشار الفايروسات المعدية .يهدف لضبط الاداري الى حماية الصحة العامة ومنع الفوضى,وهو امر ضروري لخلقمجتمع مستقر ومتوازن جائحة كورونا مثال حي الحاجة الى الضبط الاداري حيث اظهرت الازمة العالمية ضرورة اتخاذ التدابير اللازمة لحماية المواطنين م المخاطر الصحية

المراجع

Books

1. Al-Fayyad, I. T. (2004). Liability of the administration for the acts of its employees in Iraq. Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo.

2. Ali, A. M. (2004). Theory of exceptional circumstances. Egyptian Book Authority, Cairo.

3. Maften, A. (2020). Social challenges of the lived reality in Iraq: Political visions. Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Amman.

4. Youssef, B. (1998). Politicization of the motives and objectives of international protection of human rights. Bayt Al-Hikma, Baghdad.

5. Al-Zoubi, K. S. (1999). Administrative decision between theory and practice (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.

6. Al-Tamawi, S. (2007). General theory of administrative decisions. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Cairo.

7. Matrouh, S. (2005). Principles and general rules in human rights and freedoms. Dar Al-Masila, Baghdad.

8. Al-Jarf, T. (2002). Principle of legality and the rules of subjecting public administration to the law. Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo.

9. Amro, A. (2004a). Administrative judiciary – Principle of legality (2nd ed.). Al-Maaref Publishing House, Alexandria.

10. Amro, A. (2004b). Principles of administrative law: Administrative activity and its means. Al-Maaref Publishing House, Alexandria.

11. Shatawi, A. (2011). Encyclopedia of administrative judiciary (Vol. 1, 1st ed.). Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.

12. Al-Shoubaki, O. M. (2007). Administrative judiciary. Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.

13. Al-Helou, M. R. (2000). Administrative judiciary. Dar Al-Matbouat Al-Jameya, Alexandria.

14. Hafez, M. (2002). Administrative judiciary (7th ed.). Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo.

15. Al-Tuaimat, H. S. (2006). Human rights and fundamental freedoms (3rd ed.). Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan.

Journals & Periodicals

1. Al-Fari’a, J. (2018). The impact of exceptional circumstances on personal freedoms: A comparative study. Journal of Legal Sciences, University of Baghdad, College of Law, Special Issue 4 (Research of Faculty Members with Postgraduate Students).

2. Ameer, J. (2007). The theory of exceptional circumstances and some of its contemporary applications. Journal of Kuwait University for Humanities, 8.

3. Mutlak, J. (2018). Economic, social, and cultural rights to adequate housing. Kufa Studies Center Journal, 50, Iraq.

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7. Taleb, M. (2009). The role of the International Labour Organization and the Arab Labour Organization in protecting workers’ rights. Journal of Law, 2.

Theses & Dissertations

1. Mohammed, A. Y. (2002). The basis of administrative liability and its rules: A comparative study between unified and dual judiciary systems (Master’s thesis, University of Salahaddin, College of Law and Politics).

2. Hussein, M. K. (2000). Legal protection of individuals against administrative acts in Iraq (Doctoral dissertation, University of Baghdad, College of Law and Politics).

Judicial Rulings

1. Court of Cassation of Iraq. (1973, April 23). Decision No. 1069. Judicial Bulletin, Technical Office of the Court of Cassation of Iraq, 2(4).

2. Court of Cassation of Iraq. (1953, October 23). Decision No. 1244. Justice Journal, 3(5), 1979.

3. United Nations General Assembly. (1966, December 16). Resolution 2200 A (XXI). International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights and its two Optional Protocols.

4. General Board of Iraq as Cassation Authority. (2000, July 10). Case No. 25/Administrative Cassation/2000. Judicial Bulletin, Technical Office of the Court of Cassation of Iraq, 2(4).

5. United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (1999, November 15–December 3). General Comment No. 13: The right to education. 21st session.

6. Supreme Administrative Court of Egypt. (1962, April 14). Case No. 956.

Laws & Legal Documents

1. Constitution of the Republic of Iraq. (2005).

2. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the two Optional Protocols. (1966).

3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948).

Electronic References

1. Radhi, M. L. (2008). Administrative judiciary: A study of the principles of administrative judiciary in Iraq. Arab Open Academy in Denmark. http://www.ao-academy.org (Last visited: December 22, 2008).