مكافحة المجاعة أثناء النزاعات المسلحة في إطار القانون الدولي الانساني

First: international conventions and instruments

1-the Universal Declaration of human rights, 1948.

2-Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide, 1948.

3-The Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war, 1949.

4-International Covenant on economic, social and Cultural Rights, 1966.

5-Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, 1979.

6-Convention on the rights of the Child, 1989.

7-The First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 1977.

8-the Second Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 1977.

9. the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998 .

Second: international resolutions and reports

1-the United Nations Security Council, Resolution No. 2417 (May 24, 2018), document S/RES/2417.

2 - International Committee of the Red Cross, Military Necessity, custom IHL Database.

3 - the International Committee of the Red Cross, Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention, Arts 182-183.

4- Doswald-Beck, L. (ed.), San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

5- FAO, Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Technical Manual, Version 3.0, Rome, 2019.

Third: judgments and decisions of international courts

1- Prosecutor v. Tadić, Appeal on Jurisdiction, IT-94-1-AR72 (ICTY, 2 Oct. 1995).

2- Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Appeals Judgment, ICTR-96-4 (ICTR, 1 June 2001).

3- Prosecutor v. Delalić et al., Appeals Judgment, IT-96-21-A (ICTY, 20 Feb. 2001).

4- rosecutor v. Kayishema, Judgment and Sentence, ICTR-95-1-T (ICTR, 21 May 1999).

5- Prosecutor v. Krstić, Judgment, IT-98-33-T (ICTY).

6- Prosecutor v. Blaškić, Judgment, IT-95-14 (ICTY).

Fourth: books

1- Henckaerts, J. & Doswald-Beck, L., Customary International Humanitarian Law, Vol. I, Cambridge University Press, 2005.

2- de Waal, A., Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa, Indiana University Press, 1997.

3- de Waal, A., Mass Starvation: The History and Future of Famine, Polity Press, 2017.

4- Sen, A., Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, Oxford University Press, 1981.

5- Sassòli, M., Bouvier, A. & Quintin, A., How Does Law Protect in War?, Volume I, 3rd ed.

6- Melzer, N., International Humanitarian Law: A Comprehensive Introduction, ICRC, 2016.

7- Schabas, W., Genocide in International Law, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2000.

Fifth: articles, researches and studies

1-Shaima Abdul Sattar Jabr Al-Laila, " starving the civilian population as an illegal method of war in international law (the war against Gaza as a model)", Ninawa Journal of Legal Studies.

2- Pejic, J., “The Right to Food in Situations of Armed Conflict,” International Review of the Red Cross, 2001.

3- Nwotite, A., “International Humanitarian Law and the Use of Starvation as a Method of Warfare,” ABUAD Law Journal, 2023.

4- D’Alessandra, F., The War Crime of Starvation in Non-International Armed Conflict, BSG Working Paper, 2019.

5- Akande, D. & Gillard, E-C., Conflict-Induced Food Insecurity and the War Crime of Starvation, Oxford, 2019.

6- Marcus, D., “Famine Crimes in International Law,” Vol. 97.

7- de Waal, A., “Counterinsurgency, Famine and the International Criminal Law of Starvation,” International Affairs, 2017.

8- Fillol Mazo, A., “The Protection of Access to Food for Civilians,” Age of Human Rights Journal, 2020.

9- Dannenbaum, T., “Siege Starvation,” Chicago Journal of International Law, 2021

10- Akande, D. & Gillard, E-C., “Arbitrary Withholding of Consent to Humanitarian Relief,” International Law Studies, 2016.

11- Bassiouni, M. C., “Crimes Against Humanity,” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 1994.

12- Blanca Palacián de Inza, Starvation as a Weapon of War, 2022.

13- World Peace Foundation & Global Rights Compliance, The Crime of Starvation and Methods of Prosecution, 2019.

14- McKeon, N., Global Governance for World Food Security, 2011.

15- Oluoko-Odingo et al., “Food Security Governance,” AJFAND, 2024.

16- Tyner, J., “Famine, Violence, and the Intentional Politics of Letting Die,” Political Geography, 2017.

Sixth: websites

1 - https://news.un.org/en/